Russian conquest of Central Asia

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Russian conquest of Central Asia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Russian conquest of Central Asia
Part of the territorial evolution of Russia
Map of Russian conquest of Turkestan
Date 1713–1895 Location Central Asia Result Russian victory Establishment of Russian Turkestan Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand become protectorates of Russia Territorial changes Russian annexation of Central Asia
Belligerents
Tsardom of Russia (1713–1721)  Russian Empire (1721–1895) Kalmyk Khanate (1721–1771) Kalmyks (1773–1895) Pro-Russian Tribes Bashkirs	Dzungar Khanate (until 1719) Kazakh Khanate (until 1848)  Emirate of Bukhara (until 1868)  Khanate of Khiva (until 1873) Kokand Khanate (until 1876) Turkmen tribes Kyrgyz tribes  Afghanistan  British Empire
Commanders and leaders
Peter the Great Ivan Buchholz Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky † Ivan Likharev Ivan Timofeev Ivan Loginov Nikita Borodin Anna Ioannovna Catherine the Great Military foreman Vitoshnov † Ivan Krasnovskiy † Andrey Borodin † Iosif Igelström Nicholas I Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas II Vasily Perovsky Konstantin von Kaufman Mikhail Chernyayev Ivan Lazarev Nikolai Lomakin Alexei Rytov † Khorunzhiy Rybin † Mikhail Skobelev Dmitry Romanovsky Nikolai Rukin † Ormon Khan	Abul Khair Khan Ablai Khan Sapura Matenqyzy Syrym Datuly Azizuddin Bahadur † Jar Muhammad Khan Qasim Sultan Wali Sultan Adil Sultan Ğubaidullah Khan † Sarzhan Qasimuly Kenesary Khan Sher Ghazi Khan † Nasrullah Khan Muzaffaruddin Bahadur Khan Syzdyk Sultan William Brydon Allah Quli Bahadur Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur Sayyid Muhammad Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II Muhammad Mallya Beg Khan Muhammad Sultan Khan Alimqul † Muhammad Khudayar Khan Berdi Murad Khan † Kara Bateer † Makhdum Kuli Khan Kurmanjan Datka Abdur Rahman Khan
Strength
In 1714–1716: 2,940 troops In 1717: 4,000 troops In 1715–1725: 2,000 troops 5 guns 12 pounds of gunpowder 300 cores 200 shot and buckshot charges In 1773–1775: 35,000 troops In 1832–1833: 1,050 troops In 1835: 3,347 troops In 1837: 3,080 troops In 1838: 2,620 troops In 1839-1840: 6,651 troops and 10,000 camels (Khiva) 2,600 troops (Kazakh Khanate) In 1843: 30,000+ troops (Summer) 3,100 troops (Autumn) In 1844: 3,000 troops In 1853: 2,000+ troops In 1864: 2,500 troops In 1873: 13,000 troops In 1879: 3,500 troops In 1881: 7,100 troops In 1883–1885: 1,500 troops	Kazakh Khanate: ~10,000 troops (1717) ~500 troops (1720) ~300 troops (1721) ~3,000-6,000 troops (1773–1775) ~About 2,000 troops (1838) ~3,500 troops (1843) ~20,000 troops[1] (1844–1845) In 1853: ~12,000 troops In 1865: ~36,000 troops
Casualties and losses
In 1716: 2,300 killed 1,300 captured In 1717: About 4,000 killed (Khiva) 3,000 captured (Kazakh Khanate) In 1722: 5,000 captured In 1774–1776: 2,500 killed In 1839: 2,500 killed or died of diseases In 1866: 500 killed and wounded In 1879: 200+ killed ~250 wounded In 1881: 59–268 killed 254–669 wounded 645 died of diseases In 1885: 11 killed or wounded	In 1853: 230+ killed In 1875: thousands killed In 1866: 12 000 killed In 1868: 3 500+ killed Turkmen tribes: In 1879: 2,000+ killed 2,000+ wounded In 1881: ~8,000 killed (incl. civilians) In 1885: ~900 killed or wounded

The conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The land that became Russian Turkestan and later Soviet Central Asia is now divided between Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan across the center, Kyrgyzstan in the east, Tajikistan in the southeast, and Turkmenistan in the southwest. The area was called Turkestan because most of its inhabitants spoke Turkic languages with the exception of Tajikistan, which speaks an Iranian language.